PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller									259.51
				Wordian				Leine									264.28
				Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian											Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian											Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian											Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian											Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian											Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian											Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian											Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											Chesterian		323.2
				Visean											Chesterian		330.9
															Meramecian		335.8 *
															Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian											Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian											Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian												Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian												Emsian	393.3
				Pragian												Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian												Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare										419.2
			Pridoli				Kaugetuma										421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare										423
				Ludfordian			Paadla										423.4 *
				Gorstian			Paadla										425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula										427.4
				Homerian			Jaagarahu										429.2 *
				Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu										430.5
				Sheinwoodian			Jaani										431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani										433.4
				Telychian			Adavere										434 *
				Aeronian			Adavere										438.5
				Aeronian			Raikkula										439.4 *
				Rhuddanian			Raikkula										440.8
				Rhuddanian			Juuru										441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian								443.8
				Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †							445.2
				Katian					Berounian								449.7 *
				Sandbian													453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †					456.2 *
										Liben †							458 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
									Dobrotivian								458.5 *
									Oretanian								459.7 *
										Sarka †							461.7 *
				Dapingian						Klabava †							467.3
				Dapingian					Arenigian								468
			Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian								470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian								477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
				Stage 10									Sunwaptan				487.5
				Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan				489.5
				Jiangshanian									Steptoean				493 *
				Paibian									Steptoean				494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †			497
Drumian	500.5												Marjumian
Wuliuan	Topazan			504.5
Wuliuan	Delamaran			506.5
Series 2	Delamaran		Stage 4	Waucoban †	509
	Dyeran		Stage 4		511 *
	Dyeran		Stage 3		514
	Montezuman				514.8 *
	Begadean				519.9 *
Terreneuvian			Stage 2		521
Terreneuvian			Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †	Poundian †								538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †	Wonokan †								571.7 *
																	635