PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Tarantian			0.0117
				Chibanian											Ionian			0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian												Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian												Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian												Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Buntsandstein								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Buntsandstein								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Ohre/Aller								259.51
				Wordian						Leine								264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian														293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian							300 *
				Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian							303.7
Dalaun				Kasimovian	305.8 *
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
Huashibanian					318.5 *
Lousuan					321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Kosovian		443.8
			Katian					Bolindian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
								Eastonian	Kralodvorian			449 *
								Eastonian	Berounian			449.7 *
								Gisbornian				452 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian						458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Yapeenian			Klabava †			467.3
								Yapeenian	Arenigian					468
								Castlemainian						468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian						470
								Bendigonian						471.8 *
								Lancefieldian						473.5 *
			Tremadocian					Lancefieldian	Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Warendian	Tremadocian					482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan							485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian							489.2 *
			Jiangshanian						Festiniogian							489.5
			Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian							493.1 *
			Paibian						Maentwrogian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids								497
			Drumian													500.5
	Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †						Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †						Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635