PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Tarantian			0.0117
				Chibanian									Ionian			0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan								Kathwai				251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai				251.902
																252.4 *
												Chhidru				252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian								Chhidru				254.14
												Kalabagh				255 *
												Wargal				256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
																265.3 *
												Amb				266.1 *
				Roadian								Amb				266.9
				Roadian												270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian	Virgilian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian	Missourian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
				Missourian	Dalaun	305.8 *
				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian	Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan		315.2
				Morrowan		318.4 *
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Shangsian	330.9
					Jiusian	335 *
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
	Valaste †/Hunderum							Kunda	464.3 *
								Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov		467.3
			Dapingian					Billingen		469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Latorp †									470.1 *
								Hunneberg		473.7 *
			Tremadocian					Hunneberg		477.7
								Varangu		481.3 *
								Pakerort		482.2 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan								Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan			509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian			514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian			521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635