PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian						251.902
				Changhsingian						Baoqingian						253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian						254.14
				Wuchiapingian						Laibinian						257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan						259.51
				Wordian						Kuhfengian						264.28
				Roadian						Kuhfengian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian						273.01
				Artinskian						Luodianian						283.5
				Artinskian						Longlinian						285.4 *
				Sakmarian						Longlinian						290.1
				Asselian						Zisongian						293.52
				Asselian			Kuzel									297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
									Xiaodushanian							300 *
																300.1
							Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
								Stephanian B								300.9 *
								Stephanian A								301.4 *
				Kasimovian				Stephanian A								303.7
								Cantabrian								305 *
									Dalaun							305.8 *
				Moscovian												307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D								307.4 *
								Westphalian C								309.8
								Westphalian B								314.6
				Bashkirian				Westphalian B								315.2
								Westphalian A								317 *
								Westphalian A	Huashibanian							318.5 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian								318.8 *
								Marsdenian								320.2 *
								Marsdenian	Lousuan							321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian								321.5 *
								Alportian								322 *
								Chokierian								323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	Dewunian							323.2
								Arnsbergian								324 *
								Pendleian								327.4 *
								Pendleian	Shangsian							330.8 *
				Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Shangsian							330.9
							Warnantian	Brigantian †	Jiusian							335 *
							Livian	Asbian †								336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian								340.2 *
				Tournaisian			Ivorian		Tangbagouan							346.7
				Tournaisian			Hastarian		Tangbagouan							353.7 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
				Pragian												407.6
				Lochkovian												410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
			Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
				Aeronian												438.5
				Rhuddanian												440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian				443.8
				Katian								Gamachian				445.2
												Richmondian				446 *
												Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian			449.8 *
Edenian	450.4 *
Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
	Chatfieldian			Sandbian	453
	Turinian				453.7 *
Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor					457 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
				Dapingian							467.3
	Rangerian			Dapingian							469.1 *
Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †					Cassinian †	470
	Floian			Tulean								473.9 *
	Tremadocian			Tulean								477.7
				Stairsian								480.3 *
				Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian								485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635