PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian							0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean					Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean					Yushean							3.6
				Zanclean					Baodean							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian					Tunggurian							11.1
				Serravallian					Tunggurian							11.63
				Langhian					Shanwangian							13.82
				Burdigalian					Shanwangian							15.98
				Burdigalian					Xiejiaan							16.9
				Aquitanian					Xiejiaan							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Lancian/Edmontonian						66
				Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian					251.902
				Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian				Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian				Midian		Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian			Wordian				Midian		Urzhumian			264.28
				Wordian			Wordian				Murgabian		Urzhumian			266.2 *
				Roadian			Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
				Roadian			Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
											Kubergandian		Filipovian			276.5 *
Bolorian					279.8								Filipovian
					Saraninian	280.1 *
					Saraninian	Hessian		281.9 *
				Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian			283.5
								Irginian			285.9 *
Yakhtashian											286
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
								Burtsevian			287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian			290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian			291.7 *
Asselian				Nealian	Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
								Uskalykian			294.8
								Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian						Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian								499.5
			Drumian							Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian							Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan							Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Toyonian									510 *
	Botomian									512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3							514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635