PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian			251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian				Midian			259.51
				Wordian			Wordian				Midian			264.28
				Wordian			Wordian				Murgabian			266.2 *
				Roadian			Roadian				Murgabian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian			273.01
								Cathedralian			Bolorian			279.8
								Hessian						281.9 *
				Artinskian										283.5
											Yakhtashian			286
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			Yakhtashian			286.1 *
				Sakmarian				Lenoxian			Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian				Nealian			Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
				Visean										330.9
				Tournaisian										346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
				Pragian										407.6
				Lochkovian										410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
			Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian					427.4
				Homerian					Whitwellian					429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian										430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
				Aeronian										438.5
				Rhuddanian										440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
				Katian										445.2
				Sandbian										453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian										470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
				Stage 10								Sunwaptan		487.5
				Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan		489.5
				Jiangshanian								Steptoean		493 *
				Paibian								Steptoean		494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian	Albertian †	497
				Guzhangian						Arcadian				498.4
				Drumian										500.5
				Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
				Wuliuan								Delamaran		506.5
			Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian		Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
				Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
				Stage 3								Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
										Placentian		Montezuman		517.1
												Begadean		519.9 *
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †	Poundian †								538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †	Wonokan †								571.7 *
														635