PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of China	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of the Baltic	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages		Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian	Lancian/Edmontonian			66
				Campanian								Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic				100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian								251.902
				Changhsingian			Baoqingian								253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian								254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Laibinian								257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan								259.51
				Wordian			Kuhfengian								264.28
				Roadian			Kuhfengian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian								273.01
				Artinskian			Luodianian								283.5
				Artinskian			Longlinian								285.4 *
				Sakmarian			Longlinian								290.1
				Asselian			Zisongian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian								298.9
				Gzhelian											300.1
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
				Visean											330.9
				Tournaisian											346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										Emsian	393.3
				Pragian										Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian										Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare					419.2
			Pridoli							Kaugetuma					421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare					423
				Ludfordian						Paadla					423.4 *
				Gorstian						Paadla					425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula					427.4
				Homerian						Jaagarahu					429.2 *
Sheinwoodian				430.5						Jaagarahu
Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
Llandovery			Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	443.8
			Katian		Bolindian	445.2
					Eastonian	449 *
					Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
					Bendigonian	471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
					Warendian	482.8 *
					Warendian	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10			Festiniogian						489.2 *
			Jiangshanian									489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
						Maentwrogian						493.1 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids			Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai			Amgan/Solvan					509
						Toyonian			Lenian †		510 *
						Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian					514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian					521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †		Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Wonokan †		Vendian †		571.7 *
															635