PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein				Longtanian †				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes								259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian			Autunian								283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
				Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
				Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian						307
				Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian						323.2
				Visean					Middle Mississippian						330.9
				Tournaisian					Early Mississippian						346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Late Famennian		358.9
Middle Famennian					365.3 *
Early Famennian					368.5 *
Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10			Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian			Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian			Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Marjumian		Albertian †		497
			Drumian			Marjumian				500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Waucoban †		Delamaran	509
			Stage 4							Dyeran	511 *
			Stage 3							Dyeran	514
										Montezuman	514.8 *
										Begadean	519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian		538.8
		Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian		571.7 *
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian										Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau		1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan		1375
															1400