PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Britain				Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Permian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Tarantian		0.0117
				Chibanian										Ionian		0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Meishanian	251.902
				Changhsingian											Baoqingian	253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †								Laoshanian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †								Laibinian	257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Lengwuan	259.51
				Wordian											Kuhfengian	264.28
				Roadian											Kuhfengian	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											Luodianian	273.01
				Artinskian											Luodianian	283.5
				Artinskian											Longlinian	285.4 *
				Sakmarian											Longlinian	290.1
				Asselian											Zisongian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Zisongian	298.9
				Gzhelian	300.1
				Kasimovian	303.7
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
				Visean	330.9
				Tournaisian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko			382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec			387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
				Pragian	Pragian			407.6
				Lochkovian	Lochkovian			410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
			Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
				Aeronian				438.5
				Rhuddanian		440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
				Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
				Sandbian						453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
				Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
				Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
				Dapingian		Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
				Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
						Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
				Jiangshanian							489.5
				Paibian							494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
				Drumian								500.5
				Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2		Stage 4								509
	Series 2		Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian		Fortunian								529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian											720
			Tonian										Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
			Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
																1400