PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean										0
				Meghalayan		Santarosean										0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean										0.014
				Chibanian		Rancholabrean										0.129
				Chibanian		Irvingtonian										0.21
				Calabrian		Irvingtonian										0.774
				Calabrian		Blancan										1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †									2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean		Hemphillian										4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian		Clarendonian										9.4
				Serravallian		Clarendonian										11.63
				Serravallian		Barstovian										12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
						Hemingfordian										16.3
						Arikareean										18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
						Whitneyan										29.5
						Orellan										31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian										33.9
				Priabonian		Duchesnean										37
				Bartonian		Duchesnean										37.71
				Bartonian		Uintan										39.7
				Lutetian		Uintan										41.2
				Lutetian		Bridgerian										46.2
				Ypresian		Bridgerian										47.8
						Wasatchian										50.5
						Clarkforkian										54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian										56
				Thanetian		Tiffanian										56.2
				Selandian		Tiffanian										59.2
				Selandian		Torrejonian										60.9
				Danian		Torrejonian										61.6
				Danian		Puercan										63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	Dzhulfian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian			259.51
			Wordian		Midian			264.28
			Wordian		Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian			273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian		Bolorian			283.5
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian			286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian		Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian				Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
			Dapingian							467.3
			Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian				Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †								Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †								Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3									Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
Begadean												519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian											Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau		1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan		1375
																1400