PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian															33.9
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan															37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan															56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian																	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan		Chientangkiangian		Gamachian	445.2
						Rawtheyan				Richmondian	446 *
						Cautleyan					448.9 *
					Eastonian	Cautleyan					449 *
						Pusgillian					449.3 *
						Pusgillian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
						Caradoc	Streffordian						Onnian †	449.6 *
										Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian					450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
							Cheneyan								451.5 *
					Gisbornian		Cheneyan								452 *
							Burrellian								452.7 *
			Sandbian												453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
										Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian									456.8 *
									Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
											Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
			Dapingian		Yapeenian							Dapingian					467.3
					Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
					Castlemainian												468.5 *
					Castlemainian					Rangerian							469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
					Chewtonian		Whitlandian											471.1 *
					Bendigonian													471.8 *
					Lancefieldian													473.5 *
	Tulean									473.9 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian			Xinchangian							477.7
													Lianghekou †				477.9 *
	Stairsian																480.3 *
	Stairsian						Cressagian										480.8 *
	Skullrockian															Demingian †	482 *
					Warendian												482.8 *
					Warendian												485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
			Stage 10														487.5
			Jiangshanian														489.5
			Paibian														494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian														497
			Drumian														500.5
			Wuliuan														504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4														509
		Series 2	Stage 3														514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																	635
			Tonian																	720
			Tonian	Karatau															800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian	Karatau															1000
			Stenian	Yurmatian															1100
			Ectasian	Yurmatian															1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan															1375
			Calymmian																1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian																1600
			Orosirian																1800
			Rhyacian																2050
			Siderian																2300
Archean		Neoarchean																	2500
		Mesoarchean																	2800
		Paleoarchean																	3200
		Eoarchean																	3600
Hadean																			4000
																					4600