PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian					Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	Villanyian		Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
				Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean					Early Pliocene						3.6
				Zanclean					Early Pliocene					Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene	Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian						Turolian					7.246
										Vallesian					8.7
										Vallesian				Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian					Middle Miocene	Astaracian				Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian					Middle Miocene	Astaracian				Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian					Early Miocene	Orleanian				Shanwangian	15.98
										Orleanian				Xiejiaan	16.9
										Agenian					20
				Aquitanian						Agenian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian					Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian		Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan			Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes				259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian							Autunian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
			Pragian		Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4	Jaani
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
															1400