PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	European Faunal Zones	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian			0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene											0.129
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene										Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene										Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian															Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian		MN 17													Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian		MN 17													Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16			Late Pliocene								Yushean		Mangapanian	2.58
						MN 16													Waipipian	3
						MN 15														3.2
				Zanclean					Early Pliocene											3.6
																			Opoitian	3.7
						MN 14														4.2
						MN 13											Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene									Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian		MN 12														7.246
						MN 11														7.75
						MN 10														8.7
						MN 9														9.7
						MN 9												Southland	Waiauan	11.04
						MN 7 + 8											Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8			Middle Miocene											11.63
						MN 6														12.8 *
						MN 6													Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian		MN 5											Shanwangian		Lillburnian	13.82
																			Clifdenian	15.1
																		Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian		MN 4			Early Miocene											15.98
						MN 3											Xiejiaan			16.9
						MN 3													Otaian	18.7
						MN 2														20
				Aquitanian																20.44
																		Landon	Waitakian	21.7
						MN 1														22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene											23.03
																			Duntroonian	25.2
																			Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian					Early Oligocene											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene											33.9
																		Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																			Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene										Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian															Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian															Bortonian	41.2
																		Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																			Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian					Early Eocene										Heretaungan	47.8
																			Mangaorapan	48.9
																			Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene										Teurian	56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene											59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian															Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian															Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian														Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
																			Mangaotanean	90.5
																			Arowhanan	93.7
Cenomanian				93.9															Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian		Korangan		113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke			Puaroan			145
			Kimmeridgian	Oteke			Puaroan			149.2
				Kawhia			Ohauan			150
							Heterian			154.5
			Oxfordian							154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
			Callovian				Temaikan			164.3
			Bathonian							165.3
			Bajocian							168.2
			Aalenian							170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi			Ururoan			176
			Pliensbachian				Ururoan			184.2
			Pliensbachian				Aratauran			188.9
			Sinemurian							192.9
			Hettangian							199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour			Otapirian			201.4
			Norian				Warepan			208.5
							Otamitan			217
							Oretian			221
			Carnian				Oretian			227
			Carnian	Gore			Kaihikuan			227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan			237
			Ladinian				Etalian			238
			Anisian				Etalian			242
			Anisian				Malakovian			246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2	Malakovian
			Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
			Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	Kathwai			251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai			251.902
										252.4 *
							Chhidru			252.9 *
						Waiitian				253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian				254.14
						Puruhauan				254.2
							Kalabagh			255 *
							Wargal			256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian				259.51
			Wordian							264.28
										265.3 *
						Barettian				266
							Amb			266.1 *
			Roadian				Amb			266.9
			Roadian						270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian			Mangapirian			283.5
						Telfordian			285
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian				393.3
			Pragian		Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
									Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
									Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
									Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Nabala		Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
									Nabala		Edenian			450.4 *
								Viru	Rakvere		Edenian			450.6 *
									Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
									Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian						Keila				Idavere †	453
									Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
									Haljala					453.9
									Kukruse					456.4 *
									Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku						458.4
									Lasnamagi						458.9 *
									Aseri						460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum									Kunda				464.3 *
									Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian												467.3
											Rangerian				469.1 *
									Billingen		Rangerian				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
Latorp †																470.1 *
									Hunneberg							473.7 *
											Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian								Tulean					477.7
											Stairsian					480.3 *
									Varangu		Stairsian					481.3 *
									Varangu		Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
									Pakerort						Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort						485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																				1400