PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of China		Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian		MN 17							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16							2.58
				Piacenzian		MN 15							3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15							3.6
						MN 14							4.2
						MN 13							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13							5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12							7.246
						MN 11							7.75
						MN 10							8.7
						MN 9							9.7
						MN 7 + 8							11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8							11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6							12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5							13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4							15.98
						MN 3							16.9
						MN 2							20
				Aquitanian		MN 2							20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1							22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian				251.902
				Changhsingian					Baoqingian				253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Laibinian				257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan				259.51
Wordian				Kuhfengian	264.28
Roadian				Kuhfengian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian		300.1
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Dapingian						467.3
			Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
						Stairsian				480.3 *
						Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
			Stage 10				Niuchehean				487.5
			Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				Paibian				494
			Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			497
			Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
			Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian				Meishucunian				529
	Jinnigian		Fortunian				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400