PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian		MN 17					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16				Villanyian	2.58
						MN 16				Ruscinian	3.1 *
						MN 15					3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15					3.6
						MN 14					4.2
						MN 13					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13				Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12					7.246
						MN 11					7.75
						MN 10				Vallesian	8.7
						MN 9					9.7
						MN 7 + 8					11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8				Astaracian	11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6					12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5					13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4				Orleanian	15.98
						MN 3				Orleanian	16.9
						MN 2				Agenian	20
				Aquitanian		MN 2					20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1					22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Ypresian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
				Bajocian					Humphresianum		168.4
				Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
				Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
				Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
				Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
				Carnian							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
Wuchiapingian			Lopingian	254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian				Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
											1400