PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of China	European Faunal Units	Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America			Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian			Tertiary †							2.58
				Piacenzian				Ruscinian										3.1 *
				Zanclean				Ruscinian										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Turolian										5.333
				Tortonian				Turolian										7.246
				Tortonian				Vallesian										8.7
				Serravallian				Astaracian										11.63
				Langhian				Astaracian										13.82
				Burdigalian				Orleanian										15.98
				Burdigalian				Agenian										20
				Aquitanian				Agenian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein								Dorashamian	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein			Longtanian †					Dzhulfian	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller								Midian	259.51
				Wordian					Leine								Midian	264.28
				Wordian					Leine								Murgabian	266.2 *
				Roadian													Murgabian	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													Kubergandian	273.01
				Kungurian													Bolorian	279.8
				Artinskian													Bolorian	283.5
				Artinskian													Yakhtashian	286
				Sakmarian													Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian													Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian											300 *
Kasimovian				303.7			Xiaodushanian
Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
Moscovian					307
Bashkirian					315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		358.9
				Middle Famennian		365.3 *
				Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian		Chotec	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
			Katian					Gamachian		445.2
								Richmondian		446 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian			450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian			453
								Turinian			453.7 *
							Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dapingian										467.3
			Dapingian					Rangerian					469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
			Floian					Tulean						473.9 *
	Tremadocian		477.7					Tulean
			Stairsian					480.3 *
			Skullrockian					Demingian †				482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Skullrockian									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5				Sunwaptan
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran	514
														Montezuman	514.8 *
														Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			1200										Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan										1375
																		1400