PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean							Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean							Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian							Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian							Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian							Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian							Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian							Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian							Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan								150
							Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian			Warepan								208.5
							Otamitan								217
							Oretian								221
				Carnian			Oretian								227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian			Etalian								238
				Anisian			Etalian								242
				Anisian			Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
Induan				251.2			Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
					Barettian			266
						Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
					Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
						Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
						Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
		Ediacaran									Vendian	Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian									Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau			1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan			1375
															1400