PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan										150
							Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan										184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran										188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian			Warepan										208.5
							Otamitan										217
							Oretian										221
				Carnian			Oretian										227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian			Etalian										238
				Anisian			Etalian										242
				Anisian			Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian			Vokhmian							247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian										249
				Induan			Nelsonian										251.2
				Induan		DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan										251.902
				Changhsingian			Waiitian										253.2
				Wuchiapingian			Waiitian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
							Puruhauan										254.2
							Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian								256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
				Wordian			Flettian		Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
				Wordian			Barettian		Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							266
				Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
				Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian								273.01
							Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian								276
									Filipovian								276.5 *
									Saraninian								280.1 *
				Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian								283.5
							Telfordian		Sarginian								285
									Irginian								285.9 *
									Burtsevian								287.8 *
									Burtsevian								288.5
				Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian								290.1
				Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian								291.7 *
				Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian								293.52
									Uskalykian								294.8
									Surenian								297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Kasimovian													303.7
				Moscovian													307
				Bashkirian													315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
				Visean													330.9
				Tournaisian													346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian						427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian						429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian									Volkhov			467.3
	Billingen		Dapingian									469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg													473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian											477.7
	Varangu													481.3 *
	Pakerort													482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian				538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian											720
			Tonian							Karatau				800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau				1000
			Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																	1400