PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of China	Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian				Middle Pleistocene	0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian				Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian				Late Pliocene	2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian				Late Pliocene	3
				Zanclean			Waipipian				Early Pliocene	3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian				Early Pliocene	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean				Late Miocene	5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan					7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian			Waiauan				Middle Miocene	11.63
				Serravallian			Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian				Early Miocene	15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian				Late Oligocene	23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian							Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene	33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan				Middle Eocene	37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian					41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan				Early Eocene	47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian				Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian			Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
							Mangaotanean					90.5
							Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan					93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
							Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan					100.5
							Urutawan					103.3
						Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian			Korangan					113
				Aptian								117.5
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Induan		251.2
			Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian		Amb	266.9
			Roadian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean			Middle Mississippian		Shangsian	330.9
			Visean			Middle Mississippian		Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian			485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian			497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian					Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau			1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan			1375
												1400