PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain			Ordovician of Australia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian								66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic								100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian		Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Wordian			Noginskian							264.9 *
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian							276.8 *
				Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian							283.5
				Artinskian			Rusavkinian							287.6 *
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
				Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian							303.7
							Khamovnikian							304.8
							Krevyakinian							305.8 *
				Moscovian			Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian					307
							Podolskian							308.9 *
							Kashirian							311.4 *
							Vereian							313.8
							Melekessian							314.8
				Bashkirian			Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
							Cheremshanian							316.9 *
							Prikamian							318.6 *
							Severokeltmian							319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian							321.2 *
							Voznesenian							321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian					323.2
							Protvian							324.4 *
							Steshevian							326.8 *
							Tarusian							329 *
				Visean			Venevian		Middle Mississippian					330.9
							Mikhailovian							331.9 *
							Aleksinian							333.7 *
Tulian					335.8 *
Bobrikian					339.9 *
Radaevkian					343.4 *
Tournaisian				Kosvian	Early Mississippian		346.7
				Kizelian			350.7 *
				Cherepetian			351.9 *
				Karakubian			354.4 *
				Upinian			356.3 *
				Malevkian			357.6 *
				Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
	Pusgillian							449.3 *
	Caradoc						Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Cheneyan		Gisbornian	452 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
			Arenig				Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
									Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian		470
							Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
									Bendigonian		471.8 *
									Lancefieldian		473.5 *
							Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian				477.7
							Cressagian				480.8 *
							Cressagian		Warendian		482.8 *
									Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400