PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128015 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of Western Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian						Pannonian			7.246
				Serravallian						Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian						Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian							66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic							100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian		Neocomian							125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
				Bajocian				Humphresianum					168.4
				Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
				Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
				Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
				Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes				259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian					Autunian				283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
				Asselian							Kuzel		297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel		298.9
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
				Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
				Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
Moscovian				307								Cantabrian
				Westphalian	Westphalian D						307.4 *
					Westphalian C						309.8
					Westphalian B					314.6
Bashkirian					Westphalian B					315.2
					Westphalian A					317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian					318.8 *
					Marsdenian					320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian					321.5 *
					Alportian					322 *
					Chokierian					323.1 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		Chokierian					323.2
					Arnsbergian					324 *
					Pendleian					327.4 *
			Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †					330.9
				Livian	Asbian †					336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian					340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian						346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian						353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Stage 3	Series 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
													1400