PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran	Cenozoic 6						0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian						Villanyian	2.58
								Waipipian						Villanyian	3
														Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean						Turolian	5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian									Pannonian		7.246
														Vallesian	8.7
							Southland	Waiauan						Vallesian	11.04
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5				Sarmatian	Astaracian	11.63
													Badenian		12.8 *
								Lillburnian					Badenian		13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian							13.82
								Clifdenian							15.1
							Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian						Orleanian	15.98
								Otaian						Orleanian	18.7
														Agenian	20
				Aquitanian											20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian	Cenozoic 4						23.03
								Duntroonian							25.2
								Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3						33.9
							Arnold	Runangan							34.6
								Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian	Cenozoic 2						41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
								Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan							47.8
								Mangaorapan							48.9
								Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian	Cenozoic 1						56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8						66
				Campanian				Haumurian	Cretaceous 7						72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan	Cretaceous 6						83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
								Mangaotanean							90.5
								Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5						93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
								Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	Cretaceous 4						100.5
								Urutawan							103.3
							Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian				Korangan	Cretaceous 3						113
				Aptian	117.5				Cretaceous 3
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2	121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6	145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
				Oxfordian			154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4	168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3	174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
				Wordian				264.28
				Wordian			Noginskian	264.9 *
				Roadian		Permian 3		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		273.01
				Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
				Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
				Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian		Permian 1		Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	Missourian	303.7
							Khamovnikian		304.8
							Krevyakinian		305.8 *
							Krevyakinian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian		307
							Podolskian		308.9 *
							Kashirian		311.4 *
							Kashirian	Atokan	312.7 *
							Vereian		313.8
							Melekessian		314.8
				Bashkirian			Melekessian		315.2
							Cheremshanian		316.9 *
							Cheremshanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
							Prikamian		318.6 *
							Severokeltmian		319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
							Voznesenian		321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian	Chesterian	323.2
							Protvian		324.4 *
							Steshevian		326.8 *
							Tarusian		329 *
				Visean		Carboniferous 2	Venevian		330.9
							Mikhailovian		331.9 *
							Aleksinian		333.7 *
							Tulian	Meramecian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	Meramecian	339.9 *
							Bobrikian	Osagean	343.1 *
							Radaevkian		343.4 *
Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
			Telychian					436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian			Ordovician 5			443.8
			Katian	Bolindian						445.2
				Eastonian						449 *
				Gisbornian						452 *
			Sandbian	Gisbornian			Ordovician 4			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3			458.4
			Dapingian	Yapeenian			Ordovician 2			467.3
			Dapingian	Castlemainian						468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian						470
				Bendigonian						471.8 *
				Lancefieldian						473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Lancefieldian			Ordovician 1			477.7
			Tremadocian	Warendian			Ordovician 1			482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5			485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4			497
			Drumian				Cambrian 4			500.5
			Wuliuan				Cambrian 3			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Cambrian 3			509
		Series 2	Stage 3				Cambrian 2			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Cambrian 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian									635
			Tonian									720
			Tonian								Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
			Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
															1400