PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian							0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian	3
				Zanclean						Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian	41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan	47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
										Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian	56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
				Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
										Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian			Motuan	100.5
							Late Albian			Urutawan	103.3
							Middle Albian			Urutawan	106.2 *
							Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan	108.4
							Early Albian				109.9 *
				Aptian			Late Aptian				113
							Late Aptian				117.5
							Early Aptian				119.5 *
Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
Berriasian				Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
			Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
			Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
			Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
			Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian	Late Bajocian			168.2
			Bajocian	Early Bajocian			168.6 *
			Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
			Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian	Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
			Carnian	Tuvalian			227
			Carnian	Julian			233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian			237
			Ladinian	Fassanian			239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian			247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian			248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian			251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian			251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian		443.8
			Katian			Bolindian		445.2
						Eastonian		449 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian			Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
					Bendigonian	471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian	482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
											1400