PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Units	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Villanyian	Tertiary †			2.58
				Piacenzian										Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean										Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian										Turolian				7.246
				Tortonian										Vallesian				8.7
				Serravallian										Astaracian				11.63
				Langhian										Astaracian				13.82
				Burdigalian										Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian										Agenian				20
				Aquitanian										Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
				Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian									Bumbanian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan						56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian							66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic							100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian							125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian														293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Mapingian †	298.9
				Kasimovian													Mapingian †	303.7
				Kasimovian														305.9
				Moscovian														307
				Bashkirian														315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian	Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian				453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
				Dobrotivian					458.5 *
				Oretanian					459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian						Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian								499.5
			Drumian						Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian						Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan						Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
									Toyonian		510 *
									Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian		521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																		1400