PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127472 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan										Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian										Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian										Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian										Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian										Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †							2.58
				Zanclean																		3.6
				Zanclean										Hemphillian								4.7
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Tortonian										Clarendonian								9.4
				Serravallian										Clarendonian								11.63
				Serravallian										Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
														Hemingfordian								16.3
														Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
				Rupelian																		27.82
														Whitneyan								29.5
														Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian										Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian										Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian										Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian										Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian										Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian										Bridgerian								47.8
														Wasatchian								50.5
														Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian										Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian										Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian										Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian										Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian										Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian		Midian	264.28
			Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Asselian	293.52
			Asselian		Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
							Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
							Shangsian	Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean			Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Warnantian	Jiusian	Brigantian †	335 *
						Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian			Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian				393.3
			Pragian			Siegen				407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
										Kralodvorian		Richmondian		446 *
										Berounian		Richmondian		449.7 *
												Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
Edenian												450.4 *
Mohawkian											Chatfieldian	451.1 *
			Sandbian	453							Chatfieldian
				Turinian							453.7 *
				Turinian							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †			456.2 *
Whiterockian											Zahorany †/Vinice			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
										Dobrotivian						458.5 *
										Oretanian						459.7 *
											Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †					467.3
										Arenigian						468
				Rangerian	469.1 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †										Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean												473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean						Tremadocian						477.7
				Stairsian												480.3 *
				Skullrockian											Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10															Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian															Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian															Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4																	Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3																	Dyeran	514
																			Montezuman	514.8 *
																			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																		Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian																			720
		Tonian																		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																		Karatau	1000
		Stenian																		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan													1375
																						1400