PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Devonian of France	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian				0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian			Villanyian	2.58
											Waipipian			Villanyian	3
														Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean			Turolian	5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian											7.246
														Vallesian	8.7
										Southland	Waiauan			Vallesian	11.04
				Serravallian							Waiauan			Astaracian	11.63
				Serravallian							Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian				13.82
											Clifdenian				15.1
										Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian							Altonian			Orleanian	15.98
											Otaian			Orleanian	18.7
														Agenian	20
				Aquitanian											20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian				23.03
											Duntroonian				25.2
											Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
										Arnold	Runangan				34.6
											Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan				37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian				41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
											Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan				47.8
											Mangaorapan				48.9
											Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian				56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian							Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
											Mangaotanean				90.5
											Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan				93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
											Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan				100.5
											Urutawan				103.3
										Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian							Korangan				113
				Aptian											117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
			Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
			Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
			Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian		393.3
			Pragian				Siegen		407.6
			Pragian				Siegen	Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni		443.8
			Katian							Pirgu		445.2
										Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
										Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
				Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Oeland					Kunda	462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort				Datsonian		485.4
						486.3 *
						486.5
						Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian			Iverian				489.5
			Paibian			Idamean				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan				497
			Guzhangian			Boomerangian				499
Drumian			Undillan			500.5
Drumian			Floran			503
Wuliuan			Templetonian			504.5
Wuliuan			Ordian			507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4	Ordian			509
		Stage 4				510.8 *
		Stage 3				514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2				521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
															1400