PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of North America			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of Western Europe		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan								150
											Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
				Bajocian										Humphresianum					168.4
				Aalenian									Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
										Herangi	Ururoan			Thouarsense					176
																			180.1
													Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
				Pliensbachian									Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						188.9
				Sinemurian									Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
				Hettangian									Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian							Warepan								208.5
											Otamitan								217
											Oretian								221
				Carnian							Oretian								227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian							Etalian								238
				Anisian							Etalian								242
				Anisian							Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian							Nelsonian								249
				Induan							Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan						DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan								251.902
				Changhsingian							Waiitian								253.2
				Wuchiapingian							Waiitian				Zechstein				254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Puruhauan				Zechstein				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Aparima	Flettian				Rotliegendes				259.51
				Wordian							Flettian								264.28
				Wordian							Barettian								266
				Roadian															266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Kungurian							Mangapirian								276
				Artinskian							Mangapirian				Autunian				283.5
											Telfordian								285
																			288.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †								Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian					Mapingian †								Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian													Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian		323.2
				Visean													Chesterian		330.9
																	Meramecian		335.8 *
																	Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian													Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian													Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian								Srbsko						Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian				438.7 *
				Medinan			Clinton					440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian										Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan									Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan									Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
	Dyeran		Stage 4									511 *
	Dyeran		Stage 3									514
	Montezuman											514.8 *
	Begadean											519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian											Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau			1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian								1200			Yurmatian
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
																			1400