PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian												Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian												Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian												Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian												Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian												Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian												Waipipian	3
				Zanclean												Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean												Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian												Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian												Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian											Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian												Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian												Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian												Lillburnian	13.82
																Clifdenian	15.1
															Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian												Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian												Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian												Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian	23.03
																Duntroonian	25.2
																Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
															Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian												Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian												Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian												Bortonian	41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian												Heretaungan	47.8
																Mangaorapan	48.9
																Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian	56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian												Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian												Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
																Mangaotanean	90.5
																Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian												Arowhanan	93.9
															Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan	100.5
																Urutawan	103.3
															Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian												Korangan	113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian		Midian	264.28
			Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian								Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
				Kukruse							456.4 *
				Uhaku							Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku								458.4
				Lasnamagi								458.9 *
				Aseri								460.4 *
				Oeland						Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort			485.4
													486.3 *
				486.5
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian												635
			Tonian		720
			Tonian		Karatau									800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau									1000
			Stenian		Yurmatian									1100
			Ectasian		Yurmatian									1200
			Ectasian		Burzyan									1375
																	1400