PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of England		European Faunal Units	Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian										2.58
				Piacenzian				Ruscinian										3.1 *
				Zanclean				Ruscinian										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Turolian										5.333
				Tortonian				Turolian										7.246
				Tortonian				Vallesian										8.7
				Serravallian				Astaracian										11.63
				Langhian				Astaracian										13.82
				Burdigalian				Orleanian										15.98
				Burdigalian				Agenian										20
				Aquitanian				Agenian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller			Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian					Leine			Wordian						264.28
				Roadian								Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
				Kungurian									Hessian					281.9 *
Artinskian				283.5									Hessian
Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian			393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton			421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
			Gorstian								425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas			427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope			428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Telychian								436.3 *
			Aeronian								438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
			Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian								Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
			Jiangshanian												489.5
			Paibian												494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4												509
		Series 2	Stage 3												514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							1200							Yurmatian
		Ectasian							Burzyan							1375
		Calymmian														1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian														1600
		Orosirian														1800
		Rhyacian														2050
		Siderian														2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
																		4600