PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of England		Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Britain		Devonian Subages	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
				Campanian													Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
				Santonian													Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
				Coniacian													Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
				Turonian													Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
				Cenomanian													Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													Late Albian				100.5
																	Middle Albian				106.2 *
																	Early Albian				109.9 *
				Aptian													Late Aptian				113
				Aptian													Early Aptian				119.5 *
				Barremian													Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
				Hauterivian													Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
				Valanginian													Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
				Berriasian													Late Berriasian				139.8
																	Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
																	Early Berriasian				142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
				Tithonian													Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian													Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
				Kimmeridgian													Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
				Oxfordian													Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
				Oxfordian														Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
				Bathonian													Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
				Bajocian													Late Bajocian				168.2
				Bajocian													Early Bajocian				168.6 *
				Aalenian													Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													Late Toarcian				174.7
																	Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
																	Early Toarcian				182.9 *
				Pliensbachian													Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
				Sinemurian													Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
				Hettangian													Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian													Sevatian				208.5
																	Alaunian				213.2 *
																	Lacian				216.7 *
				Carnian													Tuvalian				227
				Carnian													Julian				233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													Longobardian				237
				Ladinian													Fassanian				239.7 *
				Anisian													Illyrian				242
																	Pelsonian				243.8 *
																	Bithynian				244.7 *
																	Aegean				245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													Spathian				247.2
				Olenekian													Smithian				248.9 *
				Induan													Dienerian				251.2
				Induan													Griesbachian				251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian																	293.52
				Asselian															Kuzel		297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Kuzel		298.9
																			Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
																				Stephanian B	300.9 *
																				Stephanian A	301.4 *
Kasimovian				303.7																Stephanian A
Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B	314.6
Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian			358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian			372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		Ohesaare	419.2
							Bringewood/Elton		Ohesaare	421.3
							Bringewood/Elton		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian				Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas		Rootsikula	427.4
				Wych			Woolhope		Rootsikula	428.4 *
									Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4						Jaani
			Adavere						434 *
									436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
				Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
			Raikkula						439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula						440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru						441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju					Porkuni		443.8
		Katian							Pirgu		445.2
									Vormsi		449.6 *
									Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
				Viru					Rakvere			450.6 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
									Haljala			453.9
									Kukruse			456.4 *
									Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku			458.4
									Lasnamagi			458.9 *
									Aseri			460.4 *
				Oeland					Kunda			462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Hunneberg				Ungurian	477.7
									Varangu					481.3 *
									Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort		Late Cambrian		Batyrbaian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
						Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
						Maentwrogian							493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian			Ayusokkanian		St Davids				497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian						504.5
		Wuliuan													505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian					Caerfai				509
									Toyonian						510 *
									Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian						514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian	521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian						538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian									Karatau						800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau						1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan						1375
																					1400