PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of England		Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan				150
														Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian										Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian										Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian										Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian										Warepan				208.5
														Otamitan				217
														Oretian				221
				Carnian										Oretian				227
				Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian										Etalian				238
				Anisian										Etalian				242
				Anisian										Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian										Nelsonian				249
				Induan										Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan									DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Makarewan	Buntsandstein			251.902
				Changhsingian										Waiitian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian										Waiitian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian										Puruhauan				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
				Wordian							Wordian			Flettian	Leine			264.28
				Wordian							Wordian			Barettian	Leine			266
				Roadian							Roadian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
												Cathedralian		Mangapirian				276
												Hessian						281.9 *
				Artinskian														283.5
														Telfordian				285
											Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		Telfordian				286.1 *
																		288.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian								Nealian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Kasimovian														303.7
				Moscovian														307
				Bashkirian														315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
				Visean														330.9
				Tournaisian														346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian														393.3
				Pragian														407.6
				Lochkovian														410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan										419.2
							Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan										421.3
							Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran										422.5 *
Ludlow			Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian			425.6
			Gorstian		Buildwas	426.4 *
Wenlock			Homerian		Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian	Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
Llandovery			Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian				436.3 *
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian		438.7 *
				Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
						Medinan		Clinton	440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan						487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan						489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean						493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †						497
			Drumian						Marjumian							500.5
			Wuliuan						Topazan							504.5
			Wuliuan						Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Waucoban †						Delamaran	509
		Stage 4							Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran	514
									Montezuman	514.8 *
									Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian								Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau							1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan			1375
																		1400