PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of China		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian					Tarantian	0.0117
				Chibanian										Ionian	0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean	Tertiary †					2.58
				Zanclean					Yushean						3.6
				Zanclean					Baodean						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian					Tunggurian						11.1
				Serravallian					Tunggurian						11.63
				Langhian					Shanwangian						13.82
				Burdigalian					Shanwangian						15.98
				Burdigalian					Xiejiaan						16.9
				Aquitanian					Xiejiaan						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10				Niuchehean			Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian			Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian				Paibian					494
			Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †		Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4				Duyunian				Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3				Nangaoian				Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian						521
			Fortunian				Meishucunian						529
			Fortunian				Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian									Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau			1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan			1375
															1400