PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of China	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America				Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian													0.0117
				Chibanian			Ionian													0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian				Pannonian												7.246
				Serravallian				Sarmatian												11.63
				Serravallian				Badenian												12.8 *
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															Dorashamian	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †						Dzhulfian	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															Midian	259.51
				Wordian															Midian	264.28
				Wordian															Murgabian	266.2 *
				Roadian															Murgabian	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															Kubergandian	273.01
				Kungurian															Bolorian	279.8
				Artinskian															Bolorian	283.5
				Artinskian															Yakhtashian	286
				Sakmarian															Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian															Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Shangsian	330.9
			Visean		Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
			Dapingian											467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean					477.7
										Stairsian					480.3 *
										Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian													493 *
	Steptoean		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †										Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †			Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †			Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4														Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3														Dyeran	514
																Montezuman	514.8 *
																Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian														Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau		1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan		1375
																				1400