PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of North America		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian							Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian							Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian							Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian							Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian							Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian							Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian							Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian									300 *
				Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian									303.7
				Kasimovian		Dalaun									305.8 *
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian					Albertian †	497
			Drumian				Marjumian						500.5
			Wuliuan				Topazan						504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran						506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran					Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4				Dyeran						511 *
			Stage 3				Dyeran						514
							Montezuman						514.8 *
	Begadean						519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian										Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau		1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan		1375
															1400