PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128366 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Britain		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean									Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean									Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian									Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian									Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian									Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian									Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian									Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian									Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Zechstein				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Rotliegendes				259.51
				Wordian		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						264.28
				Roadian		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
				Kungurian			Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian			Hessian			Autunian				283.5
				Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
				Sakmarian			Lenoxian							290.1
Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian						Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian						Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian						Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian						Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian								Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							St Davids		497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Caerfai		509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400