PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia		Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
				Induan								251.2
				Induan		Kathwai						251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai		Melekhovian				251.902
												252.4 *
						Chhidru						252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Chhidru						254.14
						Kalabagh						255 *
						Wargal						256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian								264.28
								Noginskian				264.9 *
												265.3 *
						Amb						266.1 *
				Roadian		Amb						266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
				Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian	283.5
				Artinskian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
				Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
				Moscovian	Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
				Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
				Visean	Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
				Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
			Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
				Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †				483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
Jiangshanian			489.5	Batyrbaian
			Aksaian	490.7 *
			Sakian	492.2 *
Paibian				494
Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan						504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan						509
			Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
			Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian						514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian						515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian							Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau		1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan		1375
												1400