PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian					0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian			Tertiary †	Yushean	2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian					3
				Zanclean				Waipipian					3.6
								Opoitian					3.7
								Opoitian				Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian				Tongaporutuan					7.246
							Southland	Waiauan					11.04
												Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian									11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian				Shanwangian	13.82
								Clifdenian					15.1
							Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian									15.98
												Xiejiaan	16.9
								Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian					23.03
								Duntroonian					25.2
								Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
							Arnold	Runangan					34.6
								Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan					37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian					41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
								Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan					47.8
								Mangaorapan					48.9
								Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian					56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian				Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
								Mangaotanean					90.5
								Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan					93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
								Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan					100.5
								Urutawan					103.3
							Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian				Korangan					113
				Aptian									117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes		259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
													1400