PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian						0.0042
				Greenlandian						0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian			0.0117
				Chibanian			Ionian			0.129
				Chibanian			Ionian		Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian	3
				Zanclean					Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean					Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian					Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian					Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian	13.82
									Clifdenian	15.1
								Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian					Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian					Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian	23.03
									Duntroonian	25.2
									Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
								Arnold	Runangan	34.6
									Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian	41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
									Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan	47.8
									Mangaorapan	48.9
									Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian	56
				Selandian						59.2
				Danian						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian					Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian					Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian					Korangan	113
				Aptian						117.5
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
										1400