PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
				Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Zechstein		Longtanian †				254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian	Rotliegendes						259.51
				Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian							264.28
				Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian							266.9
				Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							273.01
								Filipovian							276.5 *
								Saraninian							280.1 *
				Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian						283.5
								Irginian							285.9 *
								Burtsevian							287.8 *
				Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian							290.1
				Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian							291.7 *
				Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian							293.52
								Uskalykian							294.8
Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
			Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian				307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian				323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian				330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Topazan	504.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran		514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
										Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian									Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau			1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan			1375
															1400