PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian			0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian			MN 17									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16						Yushean	Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian			MN 15									3.2
				Zanclean			MN 15									3.6
							MN 14									4.2
							MN 13						Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian			MN 13									5.333
				Tortonian			MN 12									7.246
							MN 11									7.75
							MN 10									8.7
							MN 9									9.7
							MN 7 + 8						Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian			MN 7 + 8									11.63
				Serravallian			MN 6									12.8 *
				Langhian			MN 5						Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian			MN 4						Shanwangian			15.98
							MN 3						Xiejiaan			16.9
							MN 2									20
				Aquitanian			MN 2									20.44
				Aquitanian			MN 1									22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan						150
										Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian						Warepan						208.5
										Otamitan						217
										Oretian						221
Carnian				227						Oretian
Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
Middle Triassic			Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
Early Triassic			Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian		Buntsandstein	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian			253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian			Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian			Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
			Wordian		Leine			Flettian		264.28
								Barettian		266
				Murgabian						266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian						273.01
				Kubergandian				Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian						279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
							Telfordian	285
				Yakhtashian			Telfordian	286
				Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
			Telychian					Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
		Ediacaran										Vendian	Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian										Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau			1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan							1375
																1400