PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian				0.0117
				Chibanian				Ionian				0.129
				Calabrian								0.774
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian							Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean							Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian							Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian							Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian							Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian	20
				Aquitanian							Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
				Induan								251.2
				Induan						Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Kathwai		251.902
												252.4 *
										Chhidru		252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian						Chhidru		254.14
										Kalabagh		255 *
										Wargal		256 *
						Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian			Urzhumian					264.28
					265.3 *
Amb					266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
Sokian				Roadian	Kazanian		270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian					305.9
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
												1400