PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian									Waipipian	3
				Zanclean									Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian									Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5					Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian	13.82
													Clifdenian	15.1
												Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian									Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian									Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4					Waitakian	23.03
													Duntroonian	25.2
													Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3						33.9
												Arnold	Runangan	34.6
													Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian									Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian									Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2					Bortonian	41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
													Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian									Heretaungan	47.8
													Mangaorapan	48.9
													Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1					Teurian	56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8		Lancian/Edmontonian		Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7		Judithian/Aquilan			Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6					Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
													Mangaotanean	90.5
													Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan	93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
													Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4					Motuan	100.5
													Urutawan	103.3
												Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3					Korangan	113
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3						117.5
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2						121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2						125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1						132.6
Berriasian				139.8				Cretaceous 1
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
			Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
			Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
			Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
			Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
			Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
			Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	254.14
						Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
						Laibinian		Vyatkian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian		Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian			Urzhumian		Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian	Kazanian		Povolzhian	Permian 3		266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian		Sokian	Permian 3		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	Permian 2	Luodianian	273.01
						Filipovian			276.5 *
						Saraninian			280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian		Sarginian			283.5
						Sarginian		Longlinian	285.4 *
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian			290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Tastubian			291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian		Shikhanian	Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Gzhelian								300.1
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean				Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5		Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4		Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3		Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3		Couvinien		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Devonian 1				Siegen	407.6
			Pragian						Coblencien		Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian						Gedinnine		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1					433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5					443.8
			Katian		445.2		Ordovician 5
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5		485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4		497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4		500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian						538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian					Karatau						800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau						1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan						1375
														1400