PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
				Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
				Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
				Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
				Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
				Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian				100.5
						Middle Albian				106.2 *
						Early Albian				109.9 *
				Aptian		Late Aptian				113
				Aptian		Early Aptian				119.5 *
				Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
				Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
				Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
				Berriasian		Late Berriasian				139.8
						Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
						Early Berriasian				142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
				Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
				Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
				Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
				Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
				Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
				Bajocian		Late Bajocian				168.2
				Bajocian		Early Bajocian				168.6 *
				Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian				174.7
						Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
						Early Toarcian				182.9 *
				Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
				Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
				Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
				Norian		Sevatian				208.5
						Alaunian				213.2 *
						Lacian				216.7 *
				Carnian		Tuvalian				227
				Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
				Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
				Anisian		Illyrian				242
						Pelsonian				243.8 *
						Bithynian				244.7 *
						Aegean				245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
				Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
				Induan		Dienerian				251.2
				Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian						264.28
				Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
				Artinskian						283.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian						293.52
				Asselian				Kuzel		297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel		298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
Kasimovian				303.7					Stephanian A
Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D			307.4 *
					Westphalian C			309.8
					Westphalian B			314.6
Bashkirian					Westphalian B			315.2
					Westphalian A			317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian			318.8 *
					Marsdenian			320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
					Alportian			322 *
					Chokierian			323.1 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		Chokierian			323.2
					Arnsbergian			324 *
					Pendleian			327.4 *
			Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †			330.9
				Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian				346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
										1400