PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Ten Million Year Bins	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6			0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian					Pannonian				7.246
				Serravallian					Sarmatian	Cenozoic 5			11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
				Bartonian						Cenozoic 3	MP 16		37.71
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
				Ypresian						Cenozoic 2	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8			66
				Campanian						Cretaceous 7			72.1
				Santonian						Cretaceous 6			83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4			100.5
				Aptian						Cretaceous 3			113
				Barremian						Cretaceous 2			121.4
				Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2			125.77
				Valanginian						Cretaceous 1			132.6
				Berriasian						Cretaceous 1			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6			145
				Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5			149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian						Jurassic 4			165.3
				Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras							168.2
				Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
				Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				Jurassic 3			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
						Planulata							179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
						Kanense							181.3 *
						Carlottense							182.3 *
						Kunae							183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Kunae				Jurassic 2			184.2
						Freboldi							185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
				Sinemurian						Jurassic 1			192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
				Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4			201.4
				Norian						Triassic 4			208.5
				Carnian						Triassic 3			227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2			237
Anisian			Middle Triassic	242						Triassic 2
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien					408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5				485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4				497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4				500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3				509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					1200		Yurmatian
		Ectasian					Burzyan		1375
													1400