PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean	Late Pliocene	2.58
				Zanclean								Yushean	Early Pliocene	3.6
				Zanclean								Baodean	Early Pliocene	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian							Pannonian			7.246
				Tortonian							Pannonian	Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian							Sarmatian		Middle Miocene	11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian								Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian								Shanwangian	Early Miocene	15.98
				Burdigalian								Xiejiaan		16.9
				Aquitanian								Xiejiaan		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras								168.2
				Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
				Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
						Planulata								179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
						Kanense								181.3 *
						Carlottense								182.3 *
						Kunae								183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Kunae								184.2
						Freboldi								185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
				Sinemurian										192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
				Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
Anisian			Middle Triassic	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian	Midian	264.28
			Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian									489.5
											Steptoean	493 *
										Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian				Albertian †	St Davids		497
			Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan		Topazan								504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran								506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran				Waucoban †	Caerfai		Branchian	509
			Stage 4		Dyeran								511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran		514
					Montezuman		514.8 *
					Montezuman	Placentian	517.1
					Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian						538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian				Karatau						800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau						1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan						1375
														1400