PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Tarantian			0.0117
				Chibanian						Ionian			0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian							Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian							Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras							168.2
				Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
				Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
						Planulata							179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
						Kanense							181.3 *
						Carlottense							182.3 *
						Kunae							183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Kunae							184.2
						Freboldi							185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
				Sinemurian									192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
				Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
				Induan									251.2
Kathwai				Induan	251.5 *
Kathwai	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
					252.4 *
Chhidru					252.9 *
Chhidru				Wuchiapingian	254.14
Kalabagh					255 *
Wargal					256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
				Wordian	264.28
					265.3 *
Amb					266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Artinskian	283.5
				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
				Kasimovian	303.7
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
				Visean	330.9
				Tournaisian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
				Pragian	407.6
				Lochkovian	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
			Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
				Aeronian	438.5
				Rhuddanian	440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian				443.8
				Katian	Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	445.2
				Katian	Berounian					449.7 *
				Sandbian						453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian							458.5 *
					Oretanian							459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
				Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
				Dapingian	Arenigian							468
			Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian							470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian							477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
				Jiangshanian								489.5
				Paibian			494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
				Drumian		500.5
				Wuliuan		504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4		509
			Series 2	Stage 3		514
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian					635
			Tonian					720
			Tonian				Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
			Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
													1400