PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian			Pannonian				7.246
				Serravallian			Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian			Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Ypresian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian					66
				Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
				Carnian							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian	Melekhovian		251.902
				Changhsingian				Baoqingian			253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian		Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Laibinian		Zechstein	257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan		Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian				Kuhfengian			264.28
				Wordian					Noginskian		264.9 *
				Roadian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian			273.01
				Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
				Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
								Longlinian			285.4 *
									Rusavkinian		287.6 *
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian				Zisongian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian			298.9
				Gzhelian							300.1
				Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian		303.7
									Khamovnikian		304.8
Krevyakinian					305.8 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
			Visean	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
	Katian		445.2
	Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian		497
		Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian		Branchian	509
		Stage 3			Branchian	514
		Stage 3			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian				Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau		1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan		1375
											1400