PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian						0.0042
				Greenlandian						0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian						0.129
				Calabrian						0.774
				Gelasian						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						5.333
				Tortonian						7.246
				Serravallian		Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Langhian						13.82
				Burdigalian						15.98
				Aquitanian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Bartonian		Cenozoic 3				37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Ypresian		Cenozoic 2				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian						59.2
				Danian						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2				184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1				192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4				208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian						264.28
				Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
				Artinskian						283.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian		Permian 1			Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4	307
Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4			Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4				Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian					Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau			1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan			1375
										1400