PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean							2.58
		Zanclean		Yushean							3.6
		Zanclean		Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian		Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian		Tunggurian							11.63
		Langhian		Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian		Shanwangian							15.98
		Burdigalian		Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian		Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic			Late Albian					100.5
						Middle Albian					106.2 *
						Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian					113
		Aptian				Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian					139.8
						Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
						Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian					174.7
						Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
						Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian				Sevatian					208.5
						Alaunian					213.2 *
						Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian					227
		Carnian				Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian		Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	430.5	Jaagarahu
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig			Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Migneintian			477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *