PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
		Zanclean							3.6
		Zanclean					Hemphillian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian		Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian		Pannonian			Clarendonian		9.4
		Serravallian		Sarmatian			Clarendonian		11.63
				Sarmatian			Barstovian		12.5
				Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
							Hemingfordian		16.3
							Arikareean		18.5
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
							Whitneyan		29.5
							Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian					Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian		47.8
							Wasatchian		50.5
							Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian					Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian						66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic						100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian				489.5
			Aksaian				490.7 *
			Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian					494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				497
			Ayusokkanian				Arcadian	498.4
			Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan				Branchian	509
			Toyonian		Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian					514
			Atdabanian					515.6 *
			Atdabanian				Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †			529
									538.8